Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) operates two neutron sources as scientific user facilities on behalf of the Office of Science, US Department of Energy: the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). Both facilities offer leading capabilities to an international user community, with access being provided on the basis of scientific merit as assessed through...
LANSCE is a NNSA National User Facility dedicated to solving national security problems. With 5 target stations and 16 flight paths, LANSCE possesses a broad range of experimental capability: neutron diffraction and radiography, proton radiography, isotope production, neutron irradiations, and nuclear science. In this talk I will discuss the experimental capabilities of LANSCE, the role of...
There is now broad recognition within the scientific community that the ongoing deluge of scientific data is fundamentally transforming academic research. Turing Award winner Jim Gray referred to this revolution as “The Fourth Paradigm: Data Intensive Scientific Discovery’. Researchers now need tools and technologies to manipulate, analyze, visualize, and manage vast amounts of research data....
CAMEA (Continuous Angle Multiple Energy Analysis) is a novel crystal analyzer concept optimized for detection efficiency in the horizontal scattering plane [1]. This is compatible with the geometrical restrictions imposed by extreme sample environments and enables rapid mapping of excitations. The design comprises consecutive, upward scattering analyzer arcs set to analyze different neutron...
In this talk I will provide an overview of our experience of setting up, operating and using a cloud-based data analysis service in collaboration with STFC's Scientific Computing Department. The first year has seen the Excitations Group (who operate the LET, MERLIN, MAPS and MARI spectrometers) and the WISH diffractometer start to use this service, gradually moving away from the previous...
The European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) is the vehicle for the Open Science movement within the EU. Inspired by a data-centric view of scientific discovery, EOSC will provide a platform for the development of services and systems which encourage and enhance access to shared scientific data across disciplines. This talk will explore the motivations for the EOSC, some of the challenges which can...
CHESS is the new proposed direct geometry inelastic spectrometer dedicated to the analysis of small samples with modest energy resolution (2.5-5% of Ei). This relatively short instrument will take full advantage of both the increased peak brilliance of the SNS Second Target Station (STS) coupled moderators, and of the recent advances in instrument design and technology, to achieve...
The continuous wave spallation source SINQ has been in operation for 22 years. The proton beam power on target was gradually increased over the past decades and has now reached about 1.0MW. With one exception (the liquid metal target MEGAPIE) cannelloni-type solid state targets were used. These D2O cooled lead/Zr-based targets proved to be very reliable and underwent several design...
The European Spallation Source (ESS) is the largest investment in European Neutron scattering since the construction of the Institute Laue Langevin. The Data Management and Software Centre (DMSC) is responsible for the delivery of the scientific computing and data management for the ESS. In this presentation the current status of the ESS project will be discussed in relation to the development...
We'll report the design of a direct-geometry spectrometer at CSNS
Beam interception devices and neutron moderating systems in the ESS target environment are exposed to intense radiations of primary and secondary particles. Radiation induced degradation of the affected functional and structural materials poses challenges to availability and reliability of the neutron production systems. Due to unprecedentedly high proton beam energy driving the spallation...
The ESS Target Station is designed to convert the 2 GeV protons to a high flux of low energy neutrons for scientific research, at 5 MW beam power. It will start receiving proton beam from the linac for neutron production in 2022. Upon commissioning “beam-on-target,” the linac will deliver protons at 571 MeV, which is lower than the nominal value 2 GeV. For the first 5 years after the beam...
The high-resolution powder diffractometer (HRPD) at the ISIS neutron spallation source has been in operation for almost 35 years and remains one of the leading instruments of its kind in the world. With a 95 m primary flight path and backscattering detectors covering 2θ = 154–176° the instrument achieves Δd/d ≈ 6x10−4 for data focussed over the whole backscattering array...
SasView[1,2] is a data analysis package for Small Angle Scattering, developed by an international collaboration of facilities and universities. It primarily provides model fitting to 1D and 2D scattering patterns, including resolution smearing of the model. Fitting of polarised neutron scattering data, and data from oriented systems, is supported. There are also modules for performing...
We will describe the Moderator Test Station proposed for the Spallation Neutron Source facility. We will leverage the Beam Test Facility (BTF) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) to provide a moderator neutronics test stand with which we will verify the anticipated performance gains expected and required from innovative moderator concepts central to the SNS Second Target Station (STS), as...
The spectral fluence rate of the thermalized neutron field obtained by slowing down the 14 MeV fusion neutrons produced at the accelerator-driven Frascati Neutron Generator is measured by means of the Bonner Sphere Spectrometer. Neutron thermalization is achieved by means of a moderator assembly made of a copper pre-moderator and a polyethylene moderator.
A Monte Carlo simulation reproducing...
Structure determination of materials on the atomic scale requires diffraction techniques and accurate structure is essential in order to understand physical properties. Neutron diffraction is complementary to X-ray diffraction but relies on large-scale neutron facilities, of which there are relatively few cf. X-ray sources, and the favourable properties of the neutron for material...
Conventional analysis of reflectometry data provides only structural parameters via fitting model to the data. Can we obtain access to the interaction parameters causing this structure? To realize this one needs a different approach to the data analysis, that includes development of computational workflow capable of generating theoretical models in quantitative agreement with the data....
SEEMS is a proposed third target station using the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to serve two separate user communities. The first is that of electronics researchers and industrial users investigating single event effects (SEE), who are demanding greater test capacity and capabilities for simulating atmospheric high-energy neutron radiation...
A two-dimensional (2D) Anger camera detector has been used at the HB-3A four-circle single-crystal neutron diffractometer at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) since 2013. The 2D detector has enabled the capabilities of measuring sub-mm crystals and spin density maps, enhanced the efficiency of data collection and phase transition detection, and improved the signal-to-noise ratio. Recently,...
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Fusion Energy is evaluating options for a Fusion Prototypic Neutron Source (FPNS) to irradiate materials test specimens to high dose in an environment with characteristics that are similar to the first wall of a fusion reactor burning D-T fuel. One of the candidates under study is a spallation neutron source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center...
We have performed a series of experiments using both reactor based and spallation based neutron scattering instruments to characterize the suitability of different materials for neutron absorption. In particular, we characterize the usefulness of these materials in the near vicinity of the neutron beams used in neutron scattering instrumentation. We examine boron carbide based coatings as...
Ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) are an important experimental tool to advance the understand of particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. Unfortunately, many of these UCN experiments are statistically limited. To help to overcome these limitations, we are proposing a so-called inverse target geometry. This geometry talks advantage of the same backscattering principle that was...
The neutron optics and polarization team operates development beamlines at the High Flux Isotope Reactor. The newest is the "Larmor" polarization development beamline at the CG4B guide position, commissioned in 2018. The first experiment on this beamline imaged He ions in turbulent flow. Measurements in the near future will include tests of resonant spin echo with superconducting rf...
Brilliance Transfer (BT) calculations have emerged as a useful tool to judge the overall efficiency of a guide system1. In this talk, I will present a source-to-sample approach to BT calculations and showcase one way to practically implement this into McStas simulations using standard components. I will discuss the BT calculation results for the preliminary guide design types of the initial...
The High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer (HRC) at MLF J-PARC delivers relatively high-energy neutrons with high resolutions for a wide range of dynamical studies in condensed matters, and we proposed the three types of inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments: high-resolution experiments in a conventional energy momentum space, neutron Brillouin scattering (NBS), and sub-eV neutron...
With improved data collection times due to improved detectors and neutron guides, and the increase in flux at new facilities under construction such as the European Spallation Source. There is a need to develop ways to increase the efficiency of sample environment equipment. As part of the SINE 2020 joint European project a task has been under taken to speed up furnace cooling times reducing...
Fast neutron measurements have been performed with silicon and diamond detectors at ChipIr and nTOF facilties.
ChipIr, for Chip Irradiation, is a new beamline at the ISIS spallation neutron source of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, where the 800 MeV proton beam is collided on a tungsten target. The 14 meters long beamline has been designed to extract a fast atmospheric-like neutron...
To measure the crystal lattice distortion or the lifetime of weak interactions among quasiparticles, such as phonons, electrons and magnons, with high resolution, the key is to break the inverse relationship between the resolution and useable flux. By using the Larmor precession of the neutron spin inside a given magnetic field, its momentum or energy change during the interactions with sample...
For direct geometry spectrometers time uncertainties of $ < 10 \mathrm{\mu s}$ are negligible for most measurements. However the ARCS and SEQUOIA instruments at the Spallation Neutron Source use a chopper that produces a time pulse as narrow as $5 \mathrm{\mu s}$ for the finest resolution measurements. Timing uncertainties $\sim 1\mathrm{\mu s}$ are important in this case. Furthermore...
Polarized neutron beams have a range of applications from magnetic studies to enhancing resolution in elastic and inelastic scattering, all of which rely upon precise control of the neutron spin. In recent years we have developed a series of devices including a neutron flipper, a polarimeter, and magnetic Wollaston prisms using superconducting components. By bounding magnetic field regions...
Modern pulsed neutron sources offer significantly higher peak brightness and a much higher time integrated neutron flux.The geometries of the moderators are more refined and optimised for beam experiments. The number and variability of readily available neutron optical components is increasing. Not surprisingly the demand from the experimentalists to develop highly sophisticated instrument...
MCViNE (Monte-Carlo VIrtual Neutron Experiment) is an open-source Monte Carlo (MC) neutron ray-tracing software developed using C++ and Python. Its object-oriented design allows for flexible, hierarchical representations of sophisticated instrument components such as detector systems, and samples with shapes and scattering kernels of various sorts. Recently this flexible design has enabled...
The Spallation Neutron Source is in the process of completing the design and fabricating the third inner reflector plug for the facility (IRP-3). During the procurement of the previous inner reflector plug (IRP-2), several challenges arose that significantly extended the procurement time to approximately nine years. Lessons learned from IRP-2 are being incorporated into IRP-3 to drastically...
Touch Screen Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) offer many benefits for system designers over discreet buttons and displays. They make an abundance of system information available to support and user personnel, speed up mechanical design and allow post release upgrades to be made without requiring mechanical changes, However, too much information and too many choices can make the screen...
The effects of radiation damage in methane are of great interest to both the spallation neutron source and astrophysics communities. Solid methane is by far the most efficient medium to use in neutron source moderators, taking energy from hot neutrons produced by the target at a rate 3.5 times that of hydrogen moderators. However the practical use of such moderators has been much more...
In 2020 ISIS will perform a major refurbishment of Target Station 1, modernising the target, reflector and moderator assembly (TRAM). The so-called “TS1 Project” [1][2] is the first major modification to the target station since it came online in the early 80’s, with the primary aim of improving its reliability, maintainability and safety. This £15M project will affect a diverse suite of...
In the past few years, the ISIS Neutron and Muon source has seen an unprecedented increase in the number, and complexity, of ultra-low temperature experiments being performed. We fully expect this trend to continue as more and more extreme sample environment requirements are realized.
To meet this high demand for complex sample environments, a rigorous system of maintenance, performance...
This presentation will outline the current status of ISIS and future plans including major projects in the 2020-21 long shutdown (Linac Tank IV and TS1 target/moderator replacements) and the developments needed to realise a future ‘ISIS-II’.
With the construction of the high power European Spallation Source (ESS) the European neutron community will have access to the most powerful neutron source worldwide. On the other hand the dwindling of reactor based neutron sources in Europe and the US will lead to reduced access opportunities to neutrons. Training of young scientists and the development of experimental methods will be...
The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory has over 60 years of history with proton accelerator operations and neutron science. Since 1983 the “ISIS Spallation Neutron and Muon Source” has continued this work. Now ISIS must manage the ongoing generation of radioactive waste and deal with both its and the site’s historic radioactive legacy.
The formation of radioactivity is an undesirable, yet...
Beryllium reflectors are used at spallation neutron sources in order to enhance the low-energy flux of neutrons emanating from the surface of a cold and thermal moderator. The design of such a moderator/reflector system is typically carried out using detailed Monte-Carlo simulations, where the beryllium reflector is assumed to behave as an ideal poly-crystalline material. In reality, however,...
The Multi-Grid detector was introduced at the ILL and developed in collaboration with the ESS over the past 8 years. This detector technology emerged as a consequence of the need to find alternatives to $^3$He in neutron scattering detectors, where the large area needed makes $^3$He detectors prohibitively expensive. It has seen been demonstrated that the Multi-Grid and other similar detectors...
During operations at the European Spallation Source (ESS), the high power proton beam will generate penetrating fast neutrons in the tungsten target, creating a significant inventory of nuclides in the target and adjacent components and structures. A systematic process has been executed to identify, evaluate, and prevent or control accidental events that potentially create a radiological...
The unique properties of solid methane enable the conversion of hot, energetic neutrons into cold neutrons, with an efficiency approximately 3.5 times that of liquid hydrogen based moderators. However, practical applications of solid methane in neutron moderators turned out to be much more challenging than initially expected. Exposure of solid methane at low temperatures to neutron radiation...
To cope with the projected data rates for the European Spallation Source (ESS) the data acquisition system needs to be scalable. ESS will deploy a cluster of message brokers running Apache Kafka as the common data backbone for all instruments. Neutron data as well as any ancillary metadata (chopper information, sample environment parameters and so on) will be time stamped with the appropriate...
High sensitivity CMOS cameras can collect neutron scintillation images at over 1000 fps. Individual neutron scintillation events can be pinpointed by a center-of-gravity image processing routine and a cumulative high-resolution image constructed using thousands of individual raw images. The time for such a data collection maybe 10 seconds but image processing on a CPU can take about 500 ms an...
The European Spallation Source will be the most powerful neutron source in the world for condensed matter studies. The design of ESS moderator system to deliver thermal and cold neutrons to the instruments was based on the novel concept of low-dimensional moderators which led, after an intense design effort, to a single high-brightness moderator system placed on top of the spallation target....
The European Spallation Source is currently under construction in Lund, Sweden. Once completed it will deliver the highest quality of long-pulse neutron beams for fundamental and applied scientific research. Last year in 2018 commissioning of the ion source and the LEBT started and will continue with the start of operation of the test stand for the cryo-cavities this autumn and the...
Scintillation detectors using ZnS:Ag/$^6$LiF are currently used and being developed in a number of facilities such as J-PARC [1], SNS [2], CSNS [3] and ISIS[4]. At ISIS, these scintillation detectors have been employed for more than two decades and service approximately half of the instruments. There are currently three types of ZnS:Ag/$^6$LiF detectors in use on ISIS, scintillator viewed by...
The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, based in Oxfordshire, UK, has a long history of proton accelerator operations. In late 1984 the first neutrons were produced in the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source and operations have continued since then and expanded with the opening of the second target station in 2008.
The solid waste items produced from operation of ISIS are all considered against their...
Proportional Technologies, Inc. has previously developed a neutron imaging detector, based on boron-coated straws (BCS), a technology aimed to replace 3He tubes in large-scale neutron science instruments, like the Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer (CNCS) at the SNS (ORNL). That detector is composed of 1" tubes, each containing 7 straws. Each straw is 7.5 mm in diameter, and 1 m in active...
The European Spallation Source (ESS), now under construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the largest and most advanced neutron scattering facility in the world. In order to produce high-energy neutrons through the spallation process, a 2 GeV proton beam will interact with a Tungsten target. This interaction may cause an erosion of the target and the release of radionuclides into its helium...
The spectrum moderators deliver to neutron scattering beamlines has to stay as consistent as possible throughout the runcycle of a facility. This means that for hydrogen moderators the ratio of parahydrogen to orthohydrogen especially needs to stay the constant. Especially low dimensional parahydrogen moderators are very sensitive to the ortho- to parahydrogen equilibrium and quickly lose...
In order to make use of the high neutron flux expected at the European Spallation Source, alternatives to $^3$He based detectors are required. Furthermore, to maximise the benefit of the time-of-flight method, instruments at ESS will make use of a wide angular coverage of detectors. The LoKI SANS instrument is being developed in a collaboration between ESS and STFC and will make use of...
The power of wide Q-range total scattering techniques can only be fully realised through judicious use of isotopic substitution and computer simulation. The more comprehensive the former, the more informed the latter, and consequently the more robust the resulting scientific conclusions on structural aspects of the systems. Investigation of a multitude of disordered systems in this manner has...
The ISIS Facility at RAL has been producing neutrons for science from the original Target Station (TS1 – 40/50Hz) since 1984. The second, lower power, low-repetition-rate Target Station (TS2 – 10Hz) came on line in 2008.
The TS1 Project currently in preparation will include the complete replacement of the internal parts of the original Target Station, including redesign of the Target,...
The TS1 project; a circa £15M, 9-year (from definition to planned completion) technically complex sustainability project, to realise a raft of benefits for ISIS and allow continued running and development of TS1, has continued to progress since the update provided at ICANS XXII [1] and now has firm dates for the operational shutdown within which the bulk of the strip-out, installation and...
LET is a cold time-of-flight chopper spectrometer installed on the second target station at the ISIS facility. With nearly π st. of continuous detector coverage, it is primarily used to map excitation spectra in single crystals of magnetic materials. Beyond this application, its high resolution makes it well suited for quasi-elastic scattering (QENS) studies of energy materials, soft matter,...
The ISIS long shutdown 2020 -2021 is set to be a busy time; it is during this period that the strip-out, installation and commissioning of the TS1 project [1], [2] will occur. Marking the culmination and actualisation of nearly 8 years of preparation and work. The TS1 project is not the only large project taking advantage of the shutdown and with the significant amount of work to do and...
Polarized neutron analysis has been widely applied to position sensitive experiment method, such as small angle neutron scattering
- T. Wang, C. Y. Jiang, T. O. Farmer, L. Debeer-Schmitt, J. F. Wenzel, L. McDonald, J. L. Robertson, M. R. Fitzsimmsons, and X. Tong, Physica B 551, 492 (2018).
(SANS), neutron imaging
- I. Dhiman, R. Ziesche, T. H. Wang, H. Bilheux, L. Santodonato, X....
The High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) CG-1D neutron imaging facility accommodates a broad range of research applications such as materials science, engineering, energy, physics, biology and plant physiology. This instrument is equipped with a modern data acquisition system that helps users to acquire data in a semi-automated fashion. Until now, raw data were processed using MatLab and/or...
The European Spallation Source is an ambitious project to build a 5 MW spallation neutron source. The Spanish contribution to this European project will be 3% of the total cost. Based on the new tendencies on Science construction projects a significant fraction of this contribution (up to 80 %) will be In kind. ESS-BILBAO Consortium has been committed to channel this contribution.
...
With a nominal beam power of nearly 1.4 MW, the PSI High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) is currently at the forefront of the high intensity frontier of particle accelerators. Key issues of this facility are minimization of beam losses as well as safe operation of the SINQ spallation source. Particular attention is being recently paid towards an improved understanding of the properties of...
This presentation will review and expand upon existing work in data processing made available us-ing event mode measurements. Most spallation neutron sources in the world have data acquisition systems that provide event recording. The new science that is enabled by utilizing event mode has only begun to be explored. In the past these studies were difficult to perform because histograms...
Despite the challenges, neutron resonance spin echo (NRSE) still holds the promise to improve upon neutron spin echo (NSE) for measurement of slow dynamics in materials. In particular, the modulated intensity with zero effort (MIEZE) configuration allows for the measurement of depolarizing samples and is naturally suited for combination with small angle neutron scattering (SANS) as a result of...
Upgrades to the Spallation Neutron Source will double the power capability of the accelerator complex to enable operation of the new Second Target Station and increase power to the existing First Target Station (FTS). The Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) project achieves this with a 30% increase in proton energy along with higher current. Presently the FTS operates at 1.4 MW of 60 Hz pulses of 1.0...
The target of the European spallation source (ESS) consists of a rotating wheel, divided up into 36 cassettes containing tungsten. The wheel is flanged to a 6m long shaft. Primal the rotation speed and the position of the target wheel are defined and measured by the drive unit at the top of the shaft. However there are degrees of freedom which cannot be measured by the drive unit e.g....
SNS 2 MW Target Design
Kevin C. Johns
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oak Ridge, TN is currently in the preliminary design phase of the Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) which will further advance neutron research at SNS. The upgrade will increase beam power from the current 1.4 MW to 2.0 MW and the beam energy from 1.0 GeV to 1.3 GeV. Reliable...
The multi-purpose reflectometer (MR) at China spallation neutron source (CSNS) is an instrument optimized for examining thin films with nanometer scale structure, especially in regard to their magnetic properties with the removable polarized neutron components. The MR has 3 choppers and 4-m-long bender. The main frame of wavelength is 2-7 A. The first step of commission is finished in the end...
Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) is an accelerator-based neutron and muon experimental facility [1]. The facility is now operating very stably at a power of 540 kW. In the neutron facility there are 23 beam holes and 21 instruments are under operation for user program. In the muon facility we have 4 beam lines and now...
The term Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Sources (CANS) has been coined to refer to a novel class of neutron sources based on accelerators running at low enough energies to not induce spallation in the target material. Initially these sources have been used to provide neutron beams at a scale suitable for a University or small research organization. Such facilities have been centers of...
The Mantid[1] project was started by ISIS (RAL UK) in 2007 to provide a framework to perform data reduction and analysis for neutron and muon instruments and to accommodate the increasing data volumes from newer instruments[2]. The project has now been running for over 12 years and has grown into a significant international collaboration between ISIS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the...
The design and development of the polychromatic beam reflectometer CANDOR (for Chromatic Analyzer Neutron Reflectometer Or Diffractometer) currently being commissioned at the NIST Center for Neutron Research is described. This includes the performance of an energy-dependent neutron detector which incorporates pyrolytic graphite analyzer crystals (54 separate elements in series) in conjunction...
The European Spallation Source is an ambitious European project with a budget of more than 1800 M€ to build a 5 MW spallation source in Lund (Sweden). For this purpose, it will use a proton beam with a total power of 5 MW which will impact on a tungsten Target cooled by helium gas.
The spallation reactions produced in the ESS target will generate a large number of radioactive isotopes. The...
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory uses a mercury target to generate neutrons. When a proton beam hits the mercury target, the deposited energy causes a very rapid rise in temperature that cause the mercury to cavitate and erode the vessel walls. To mitigate the cavitation erosion, small bubbles of Helium are injected into the mercury target using 50-60 small...
One of the recent successful developments in the computing group in MLF at J-PARC is about the "quasi-real-time" data reduction and visualization method, named a live data reduction. From the beginning of MLF running, users have strongly required to see the current data during the measurement to decide next experimental conditions and schedules. To realize "real-time" data treatment we...
Magnetisation dynamics is a growing area of materials characterisation in thin film magnetism and is particular of interest for magnetic exchange spring systems which consist of alternating thin hard and soft magnetic layers provide a great potential in applications such as (i) permanent magnets and (ii) magnetic data storage and spintronic devices.
There is significant enthusiasm to...
The Second Target Station (STS) is a proposed major upgrade to the Spallation Neutron Source that will provide new cutting-edge neutron scattering capabilities enabling researchers to use the unique properties of neutrons to advance scientific discovery and to solve the most challenging technology problems.
STS Target Systems encompasses the technical components and support facilities...
Abstract
In the past several years, the CG-1D neutron imaging facility at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), has successfully provided unique insights in many research areas including energy storage, additive manufacturing, plant physiology, archeology, transportation, geology, etc. It has been recognized as a key neutron imaging user facility in...
The proposed Second Target Station (STS) addition to the Spallation Neutron Source will provide world leading neutron scattering capabilities based on cold neutron beams optimized for high brightness.
The Moderator Reflector Assembly (MRA) surrounds the neutron production zone of the STS solid rotating tungsten target and is comprised of 2 coupled hydrogen moderators, one cylindrical and one...
This contribution presents the performance and project status of the Multi Grid detector design for chopper spectrometry, in particular in the context of the state of the design for the CSPEC spectrometer at ESS. The Multi Grid detector was introduced at the ILL in 2009, and has been co-developed by ILL, Linkoping University and ESS since then.
As part of the development programme, since...
Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at J-PARC generates pulsed muon and neutron beams by injecting highly intense proton beams supplied from accelerators through 3 GeV proton beam transport line (3NBT) into graphite and mercury targets. Then, it supplies the muon and neutron beams to user apparatuses in two experimental halls of MLF. For operating the targets stations safely...
AMATERAS is a cold-neutron disk-chopper spectrometer installed at BL14 port of the Materials & Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at J-PARC [1]. AMATERAS is designed to carry out inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering experiments in the range from cold to sub-thermal neutron energy with high intensity and fine and flexible energy resolution.
AMATERAS started its operation from...
As a partner with more than 40 years of experience in designing and manufacturing of equipment and systems for excellent research, the central institute of engineering, electronics and analytics ZEA-1 of Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH contributes to the design and construction of several main components for the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund. The ESS is a large-scale research project...
As continuously shaped super-mirrors are becoming more available, the conceptual design of focusing guides should explore a wider range of possibilities to accomplish an efficient neutron beam extraction. Starting from a desired phase-space volume at the sample position and using an upstream ray-tracing approach, the acceptance diagram of any focusing guide can be calculated at the moderator...
We have introduced a new Fermi chopper with compact slit package into the direct geometry neutron spectrometer 4SEASONS in Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility at J-PARC, and succeeded in significantly improving the beam intensity compared to the old model[1]. On the other hand, the new Fermi chopper causes an unexpected intensity tail, which may adversely affects the data...
We provide an introduction to the ‘ISIS Universal Cryostat Controller’ (UCC) project.
The projects aim is to design a standard in-house controller with the ability to autonomously control various types of cryostat systems used at ISIS, including; Orange, Variox and Flow cryostats. Such a controller would provide a level of simplicity in the operation of our cryostat systems and reduce our...
The signal-to-noise ratio is the ultimate limiting factor for high pressure neutron scattering experiments where sample environment equipment could create significant background signal which in many cases may significantly exceed the signal from the sample itself. This is the particularly serious issue in case of high-pressure sample environment for inelastic neutron scattering. Here we review...
The last decade has witnessed the development of several alternative neutron detector technologies, as a consequence of the world-wide shortage of $^3$He, as well as the upcoming research facilities and upgrades. These future facilities and upgrades set high requirements for these detectors, that could otherwise become the bottleneck of the instrument's scientific performance. It is therefore...
High Energy Direct Geometry neutron spectrometer(HD) is the most important and direct tool to study the mechanical properties of material lattice and spin. HD is the first material dynamics property research spectrometer planned and constructed in CSNS, which is widely used in physics, materials, chemistry, biology, medicine, earth science, anthropology and other fields. The construction of HD...
As an in kind contribution ISIS is building LoKI instrument to ESS (European Spallation Source) Lund, Sweden. ESS LoKI is Small Angle Neutron Scatterning (SANS) instrument one of the first three instruments going to be built at ESS therefore LoKI is part of the early science programme starting from 2023. First part of the major review milestones so called TG3.1 (Toll Gate) process is scheduled...
The Low Energy Neutron Source at Indiana University has now entered its 15th year of operation. I will summarize our most recent activities, with an emphasis on the instrumentation development aspect of our mission. At this point in the facility's life, we have now gained some experience with the challenges associated with long-term operation of a compact source. Although some of these...
The silicon crystal analyzer is an important spectroscopic device in a high energy resolution neutron inelastic scattering backscattering spectrometer. Specifications of this spectroscopic device is thought to determine energy resolution and background.
In order to achieve a low background spectrum without degradation of the energy resolution, it was developed new crystal analyzer which was...
The European Spallation Source (ESS), which is currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is designed to push the limits of research with neutrons to new horizons. ESS will open up new scientific opportunities which are complementary to those at X-ray sources. These will include unprecedented in-situ and in-operando experiments which are only possible with neutrons due to their special...
The McStas neutron ray-tracing simulation package is a versatile tool for producing accurate simulations of neutron scattering instruments at reactors, short- and long-pulsed spallation sources such as the European Spallation Source. McStas It is extensively used for design and optimization of instruments, virtual experiments, data analysis and user training. McStas was founded as an...
The neutron Time-Of-Flight (n_TOF) facility at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) is a pulsed white-spectrum neutron-spallation source coupled to two flight paths, each one leading to an experimental area: EAR1, 200 m from the target, and EAR2, 20 m above the target. The spallation source is based on a lead target, impacted by a high-intensity 20 GeV/c proton beam. The...
The European Spallation Source (ESS) is going to be the most powerful spallation neutron source in the world and the flagship of the neutron science in the upcoming decades. The exceptionally high neutron flux will provide unique opportunity for scientific experiments, but also set high requirements for the detectors. One of the most challenging aspects is the rate capability and in particular...
Neutron guide shielding is a complex problem that adds transmission through the guides via neutron mirrors to the traditional particle transport. The combination of these phenomena is rarely available in transport codes. PHITS started featuring neutron mirror starting with version 2.12, and F.X. Gallmeier implemented them in MCNPX in 2009. In this work, we have ported this physics into MCNP6...
Co-authors: Uwe Filges1, Emmanouela Rantsiou1, Yutaka Yamagata2, and Takuya Hosobata2
1. Division Research with Neutrons and Muons (NUM), Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
2. RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
Novel materials in strongly competitive fields such as nano-science or material science, are often only available in small volume in the order of 1...
The European Spallation Source is an ambitious project to build a 5 MW spallation neutron source. The Spanish contribution to this European project will be 5% of the total cost. Based on the new tendencies on Science construction projects a significant fraction of this contribution (up to 80 %) will be in-kind. ESS-BILBAO Consortium has been committed to channel this contribution. One of the...
The Monte-Carlo method is the de-facto standard for radiation shielding calculations at spallation neutron sources. Calculations can often require the transport of particles through several meters of biological shielding, and there are continuous requests to simulate weaker and weaker phenomena. Therefore, variance reduction methods become absolutely critical for the success of a calculation....
Neutron scattering instruments require specific bandwidths and timing structures according to the experimental resolution conditions. Recent developments of compact accelerator based pulsed neutron sources (CANS) enable an individual optimization of the neutron energy spectrum and pulse timing. This allows a large flexibility to tailor the spectral and pulse properties according to the...
The next-generation Lujan Target-Moderator-Reflector-Shield assembly (Mark-4 design) is currently being fabricated and is scheduled for installation during the upcoming extended outage period in Spring of 2020. The new design will offer significantly changed neutronic performance for the four upper-tier flight paths (FPs). The neutronic performance for the remaining lower-tier flight paths...
The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory has completed the highest field superconducting magnet worldwide, a 32 T system employing REBCO (Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxide) and traditional Nb3Sn and NbTi. This magnet was the product of an 8-year development effort and will be used for condensed matter physics experiments in Tallahassee, FL. Since then the NHMFL has initiated the development of...
Due to relatively low neutron fluxes, neutron experiments require sample volumes many orders of magnitude larger than comparable X-ray experiments. In the past, this need for large samples has severly limited the maximum pressures available for in situ neutron scattering. Although break-out experiments have been conducted, diffraction experiments are typically not conducted at pressures abvove...
At SNS the moderators and reflectors are integrated into one component called inner reflector plug (IRP), which essentially delivers desired neutron pulses to all the instruments. The current IRP is operated at a beam power up to 1.4 MW and has an estimated lifetime of ~28 GWhr. The design for the next generation IRP (IRP3) has already been completed. While the main purpose of the design is...
In Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) the study of spin-waves in magnetically ordered materials has always been a cornerstone of scientific output since the Triple-axis spectrometer (TAS). Since measuring these excitations is now an everyday occurrence, increasingly exotic materials are becoming the norm.
As materials have become more exotic, the need for data analysis and modeling of these...
ICE-MAN is a modeling and analysis workbench for multi-modal studies, specifically design with neutron science in mind. The integrated and extensible environment will provide scientists with a common interface to a suite of tools, and developers with a common API to seamlessly add new functionality. This project aims to reduce the barrier to analyze and interpret neutron scattering experiments...
RF-driven H- ion sources are becoming the preferred technology for driving high power accelerators. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) employs an RF-driven, multicusp H- ion source. This type of source was conceptualized and developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) initially for the Superconducting Super Collider project and then for...
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has been in operation since 2006 at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. SNS was designed to accommodate two upgrades: the accelerator proton power upgrade (PPU), and a second target station (STS). The PPU project is currently funded and underway, while the STS project is preparing for the US Department of Energy Critical Decision 1 review. The PPU will...
High-pressure science at the current generation of powerful spallation sources has provided a strong impetus towards increasingly tiny sample sizes. For example, high-pressure diffraction on the SNAP beamline at the SNS routinely employs samples with diameters of 500 μm or less [1]. Furthermore, as these small samples are necessarily contained within relatively massive vessels, stringent...
Neutron spectroscopy is a tool of choice for studying exotic magnetic and vibrational excitations in solids. Direct Geometry Spectrometers (DGS) at Spallation sources allow the collection of massive datasets, but the excitations are obscured by asymmetric instrument broadening that varies in the dynamic range of measurement. Clearly resolving fine features in the excitation spectra of novel...
NEPIR (Neutron and Proton Irradiation facility) is a project devoted to create a new irradiation facility at INFN Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) in Italy. This contribution focuses on the most recent progresses of the project, that is in an advanced design phase and partially founded.
The facility will exploit the LNL 30-70 MeV, high current proton cyclotron of the SPES project to feed...
The progress in sample environment at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is presented. During the past years, the Sample Environment group has made substantial efforts towards the procurement, design, development and maintenance of a series of sample environments for the three commissioning instruments. The equipment includes cryostats, an 3He insert, magnets, furnaces,...
After the 2009 $^{99m}$Tc global crisis, the scientific community is in search of alternative routes for producing $^{99}$Mo, the precursor of $^{99m}$Tc, presently produced at fission research reactors using U-235-containing targets.
International organizations such as IAEA, NEA and OECD have indicated a series of possible alternatives, based on particles accelerators as well as fast neutron...
SpinWaveGenie is a Python/C++ software library that simplifies the modeling of collective spin wave excitations, allowing scientists to analyze neutron scattering data with sophisticated models fast and efficiently. Furthermore, one can calculate the scattering function S(Q, E) to directly compare and fit calculations to experimental measurements. Its generality has been both enhanced and...
CHESS is the new proposed direct geometry inelastic spectrometer dedicated to the analysis of small samples with modest energy resolution (2.5-5% of Ei). This relatively short instrument will take full advantage of both the increased peak brilliance of the SNS Second Target Station (STS) coupled moderators, and of the recent advances in instrument design and technology, to achieve...
Cryogenic Sample Environment & Helium Recovery at ISIS
M. Baston, D. Keeping, M. Devonport, J. Timms, R. Major, D. Bunce, C. Lawson, P. Frodsham, J. Keeping, R B E Down, O Kirichek
ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
The ISIS Experimental Operations Division (IEOD) Cryogenics team has a large equipment base. This...
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) currently produces spallation neutrons by the impingement of an accelerator-sourced 1.4-MW proton beam pulsed at 60-Hz onto a mercury source target. The subsequent deposition of energy within the liquid mercury target creates pressure waves of nonnegligible strength. This causes a rapid expansion and collapse of the...
The proposed MENUS beam line at the second target station will be a transformational high-flux versatile multi-scale materials engineering beamline with unprecedented new capabilities for the study of low symmetry, complex materials. It will support both fundamental and applied materials science and engineering research in a broad range of fields, including advanced alloy design, energy...
Developing an understanding of the effects of neutron radiation in solid methane is of key importance for operations at spallation neutron sources. Solid methane is an excellent moderator material, efficiently enabling the conversion of hot neutrons into cold. However the use of solid methane moderators has so far proven challenging, due to the ‘burp’ effect [1]. Radiolysis products build up...
The transport of neutrons in long neutron beamlines at spallation neutrons sources presents a unique challenge for Monte-Carlo transport calculations. This is due to the need to accurately model the deep-penetration of high-energy neutrons through meters of thick dense shields close to the source and at the same time to model the transport of low-energy neutrons across distances which can be...
In J-PARC, a 3 GeV proton beam, which is accelerated by the 400 MeV Linac and the following Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), is provided to a neutron source in the Material & Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF).
The beam with a power of 500 kW has been stably provided to the MLF for the past year. High availability of 94 % during the MLF user operation was achieved in the fiscal year of...
4SEASONS, also called SIKI, is a time-of-flight direct geometry spectrometer in the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). It is designed for measurements of dynamics in the 10$^0$-10$^2$ meV energy range [1]. The momentum-energy region for this spectrometer occupies the middle of the momentum-energy space covered by...
Dynamical properties in materials are of great importance in the field of neutron scattering. There are 6 inelastic scattering neutron beamlines in the Materials and Life Science Facility (MLF) in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), covering a wide dynamic range from 10$^{-4}$ meV to 10$^{3}$ meV [1,2]. A high energy part above sub-meV is covered by 4 direct-geometry...
The design and deployment of 15 neutron instruments in three halls, equipped with more than 150 choppers and numerous optical components is a challenge the European Spallation Source ERIC is confronted with in the immediate future. In order to diagnose the correct transport of the neutron beam, approximately 50 beam monitors are required to be installed at various locations along the neutron...
D Templeman, J Norris, R Brumfitt and K Gascoyne
Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK
The Data Acquisition Electronics on ISIS supports 30 neutron and 5 muon Instruments. It interfaces to a variety of detector types and sizes. It also interfaces to beamline components and sample environment kit that can control the operation of the data acquisition process.
This poster provides an...
The time-of-flight small angle neutron scattering (ToF SANS) instrument at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is operating now. As the first SANS at pulsed neutron source in China, it is designed to be a general-purpose instrument to probe the inhomogeneous structure of bulk, powder and liquid materials at nano-scale. The SANS@CSNS utilizes beam port #1 of the target station facing a...
On September 2-5, 2019 the Paul Scherrer Institut will host the first workshop on efficient neutron sources in Villigen, Switzerland, organized jointly with the European Spallation Source (Sweden) and funded by Aries, part of the EU-Horizon 2020 program. The Workshop on Efficient Neutron Sources — ENS2019 — will bring together nuclear physicists, chemists, material scientists and mechanical...
The Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) project will upgrade the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) proton beam power capability by a factor of two: from 1.4 MW to 2.8 MW. This upgrade will allow in increased beam power capability at the existing First Target Station (FTS) and will also provide beam power for the Second Target Station project, which is another ongoing SNS upgrade. PPU will increase the...
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an accelerator based multidiscipline user facility located in Dongguan, China. CSNS ramped the beam power to 50kW and consistently achieved an availability of more than 90%. This report emphasizes the status of CSNS Target Station during the operating period. The CSNS target is made of eleven tungsten plates with the different thickness. The...
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an accelerator based multidiscipline user facility constructed in Dongguan, Guangdong, China. The CSNS consists of a linear accelerator, a rapid cycling proton synchrotron accelerating the beam to 1.6 GeV energy, a solid tungsten target station, and three instruments in phase one for neutron scattering applications.
The neutron wavelength spectra...
Neutron spin echo (NSE) is a variation of neutron spectrometry for high-resolution inelastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering methods [1]. Two types of NSE spectrometers, that is, a neutron resonance spin echo (NRSE) instrument and a modulated intensity by zero effort (MIEZE) instrument, have been installing into BL06 at Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF), Japan Proton...
